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A Guide to the Amphibians
and Reptiles of California


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Tadpoles




observation link

 
 
       
Anaxyrus boreas halophilus
Sierran Treefrog Tadpole california toad tadpoles  
Comparison of Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris regilla group) (Top)
with Western Toad Tadpole
(Anaxyrus boreas) (Bottom)
(Click on picture for a better view)
Immature California Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris cadaverina) (Top)
Mature California Toad tadpole (Bottom)
Ventura County © Brian Hubbs
 
       
Anaxyrus boreas boreas
boreal toad boreal toad boreal toad boreal toad
Tadpoles, Deschutes County, Oregon
Eyes are inset from the edge of the head.
Tadpole, Deschutes County, Oregon
Tadpole, Deschutes County, Oregon
       
Ascaphus truei
Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole
Tadpole feeding on a rock in a still pool in a small creek, in daylight,
Multnomah County, Oregon

Most tadpoles have mouths at the front of the head, but the mouth of a Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole is underneath the head, which is flattened. The mouth position and head shape, along with specialized folds that create suction, help a tadpole cling to a rock surface while keeping its body close to the rock. This allows a tailed frog tadpole to scrape food off the surface of underwater rocks in fast-moving creeks without letting the swift current wash it downstream.
Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole
Tadpole feeding at night (underwater)
Del Norte County, showing the
white spot on the tail tip.
Underside of the head of a tadpole, Del Norte County, showing the large flat mouth underneath the head. Tadpole, Del Norte County
© Alan Barron
Tailed frog tadpoles (bottom) are often found near the larvae of Coastal Giant Salamanders (top).
Coastal Tailed Frog Coastal Tailed Frog Coastal Tailed Frog Coastal Tailed Frog
Tadpole underwater, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Tadpole underwater, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Tadpole underwater, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Tadpole tail, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Coastal Tailed Frog Coastal Tailed Frog Coastal Tailed Frog  
Tadpole tail, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Underside of tadpole, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
Underside of tadpole, Humboldt County
© Spencer Riffle
 
Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole Coastal Tailed Frog tadpole    
Mature four-legged recently-metamorphosed tailed frog which has not yet absorbed its tail, Del Norte County © Alan Barron    
       
Anaxyrus woodhousii
Rocky mountain toad tadpoles Rocky mountain toad tadpoles    
Tadpole, Clark County, Nevada © Zachary Cava    
       
Lithobates catesbeianus
American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole
Mature tadpole in water, San Bernardino County Mature tadpole, San Bernardino County Mature tadpole, Yolo County Tadpole out of water, Del Norte County
© Alan Barron
American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpoles American Bullfrog Tadpoles  
Mature tadpole, Orange County
© Jeff Ahrens
Tadpole, San Luis Obispo County
© Matt Willis
Group of tadpoles,
San Bernardino County

 
American Bullfrog Tadpoles American Bullfrog Tadpoles American Bullfrog Tadpole  
Mature tadpole, San Luis Obispo
County © Matt Willis
Mature tadpole, San Luis Obispo
County © Matt Willis
Mature 4-legged tadpole, still living in water, but put on land for this photo.  
American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole
Mature tadpole, Merced County
American Bullfrog Tadpole American Bullfrog Tadpole
This is the same tadpole shown in the row above 3 weeks later, one day before it left the water and transformed into a frog (shown in the series below.)
 
Lithobates pipiens
Northern Leopard Frog tadpole      
Tadpole, Grant Co., Washington
© 2000 William Leonard
     
       
Lithobates spenocephalus
Southern Leopard Frog Tadpole      
Transforming tadpole, Baker County, Florida © Dick Bartlett      
       
Lithobates yavapaiensis
Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole  
Tadpoles at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum in Tucson  
Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole Lowland Leopard Frog Tadpole  
Tadpole,
Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Mature tadpole,
Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Tadpole, Santa Cruz County, Arizona  
       
Pseudacris cadaverina
California Treefrog Tadpole California Treefrog Tadpole California Treefrog Tadpole  
Tadpole, San Diego County Tadpole, San Diego County Tadpole, San Diego County  
Baja California Treefrog  
Tadpole, Ventura County © Brian Hubbs  
Baja California Treefrog Baja California Treefrog    
Tadpoles, Orange County © Jeff Ahrens    
     
Pseudacris hypochondriaca
Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Baja California Treefrog Baja California Treefrog Tadpole
Mature tadpole with rear legs Tadpoles, Riverside County © Jeff Ahrens Tadpole, Kern County
 
The following pictures show an egg mass and some of the tadpoles that hatched from it over a period of about a month
Baja California Treefrog Eggs Baja California Treefrog Eggs Baja California Treefrog Eggs Baja California Treefrog Eggs
Eggs, day 1 Eggs five days later showing developing tadpoles, day 6
Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole
Tadpoles 3 days later on day of hatching, day 9 Tadpoles 9 days later, day 18
Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole
Tadpoles, 3 days later, day 21 Tadpole, 1 day later, day 22
Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole
Tadpoles, 6 days later, day 28
       
Comparisons With Tadpoles of Sympatric Species
Baja California Treefrog Tadpole Baja California Treefrog Tadpole rana boylii tadpole Sierran Treefrog Tadpole
CA Red-legged Frog tadpole
(Top)
Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Bottom)
CA Red-legged Frog tadpole
(Right)
Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Left)
Foothill Yellow-legged Frog tadpole (Top)
Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Bottom)
Comparison of Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris regilla group) (Top)
with Toad Tadpole
(Anaxyrus boreas) (Bottom)
The eyes of Treefrog tadpoles (Pseudacris) extend to the margins of the head when seen from above, while the eyes of tapoles of the sympatric California Red-legged Frog are inset from the margins of the head, as you can see in the above photos from  Alameda County. © Joseph E. DiDonato.
Seen from above, the eyes of the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog are located away from the side of the head and the eyes of a treefrog tadpole, Pseudacris regilla, are located at the edge of the head.  
 
Pseudacris regilla
Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole
Young tadpole Young tadpole Young tadpole Young tadpole
Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole
Mature tadpole, front legs about to emerge, eye stripe visible Mature tadpole, with rear legs developing Mature tadpole with four legs, and body pattern developing
Northern Pacific Treefrog      
Tadpole
2 days before leaving water
     
       
Comparisons With Larvae and Tadpoles of Sympatric Species
Northern Pacific Treefrog Tadpole red-legged frog tadoles tadpole salamander larva comparison tadpole salamander larva comparison
Viewed from above, the eyes of a Pacific Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris regilla) extend to the outline of the head, as you can see in the picture on the left.

The eyes of the tadpoles of sympatric Rana aurora - Northern Red-legged Frog are inset from the margins of the head, as you can see in the picture on the right.
Comparison of young sympatric aquatic amphibian larvae:
Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris) (Bottom)
Long-toed Salamander larvae (Ambystoma macrodactylum) (Top)
rana boylii tadpole Cascades Frog Tadpoles Sierran Treefrog Tadpole  
Foothill Yellow-legged Frog tadpole (Top)
Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Bottom)

Seen from above, the eyes of the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog are located away from the side of the head and the eyes of a treefrog tadpole, Pseudacris regilla, are located at the edge of the head.

Cascade Frog tadpole
(Left)
Eyes are on top of the head.

Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Right)
Eyes are on the sides of the head.

Comparison of Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris regilla group)
(Top)
with Toad Tadpole (Anaxyrus boreas)
(Bottom)
 
 
Pseuacris sierra
Sierran Treefrog Tadpole Sierran Treefrog Tadpole Sierran Treefrog Tadpoles  
Tadpole, Contra Costa County Tadpole, Contra Costa County Recently hatched tadpoles at shallow edge of small pond,
Contra Costa County
 
Sierran Treefrog Tadpole  
Tadpole in water, Contra Costa County  
       
Comparisons With Larvae and Tadpoles of Sympatric Species  
Sierran Treefrog Tadpole Sierran Treefrog Tadpole rana boylii tadpole Sierran Treefrog Tadpole
California Red-legged Frog tadpole (Top)
Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Bottom)
California Red-legged Frog tadpole (Right)
Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Left)
Foothill Yellow-legged Frog tadpole (Top)
Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris)
(Bottom)
Comparison of Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris regilla group) (Top)
with Toad Tadpole
(Anaxyrus boreas) (Bottom)
(Click on picture for a better view)
The eyes of Treefrog tadpoles (Pseudacris) extend to the margins of the head when seen from above, while the eyes of tapoles of the sympatric California Red-legged Frog are inset from the margins of the head, as you can see in the above photos from  Alameda County. © Joseph E. DiDonato.
Seen from above, the eyes of the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog are located away from the side of the head and the eyes of a treefrog tadpole, Pseudacris regilla, are located at the edge of the head.  
tadpole salamander larva comparison tadpole salamander larva comparison Cascades Frog Tadpoles  
Comparison of young sympatric aquatic amphibian larvae:
Treefrog Tadpole (Pseudacris) (Bottom)
Long-toed Salamander larvae (Ambystoma macrodactylum) (Top)
Cascade Frog tadpole - (Left)
Eyes are on top of the head.

Treefrog tadpole (Pseudacris) (Right)
Eyes are on the sides of the head.
 
       
Rana aurora
Northern Red-legged Frog Eggs Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpoles Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole  
Close-up of Eggs and embryos,
in late stage of development
Tadpole eyes are set in from the margin of the head. Compare with P. regilla Young Tadpole  

The following series of pictures show the development of a tadpole over the course of several months.


Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole
1. Recently-hatched tadpole 2. Rear legs developing
(6 weeks later)
3. Rear legs increasing in size
(10 weeks after hatching)
4. Rear legs increasing in size
(8 days later)
Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole Northern Red-legged Frog Tadpole
5. Front legs developing
(2 days later)
5. Front legs developing
6. Tail decreasing in size (5 days later - about 3 months after hatching.)
       
Rana boylii
rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole
New hatchlings such as these and those to the right lie still on the bottom of the stream for a short time,
Linn County, Oregon
Recently-hatched tadpoles in water (from egg cluster below left)
Linn County, Oregon
Tadpole in water, Santa Clara County
rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole
Tadpole in water, Santa Clara County Tadpole in water, Santa Clara County Tadpole with rear legs, in water, Santa Clara County
rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole
Tadpoles in water, Douglas County, Oregon Tadpole in water,
Douglas County, Oregon
rana boylii tadpole foothill yellow-legged frog rana boylii tadpole rana boylii tadpole
Tadpole in water, Santa Clara County Tadpole in water, Monterey County
© David Hacker
Tadpole with 4 legs, in water,
Santa Clara County
Tadpole underside and mouth in water
attached to a glass surface.
tadpoles tadpoles
Comparisons of a California Red-legged Frog tadpole and a Foothill Yellow-legged Frog tadpole, both from Santa Clara County. © Owen Holt

rana boylii tadpole      
Rana boylii - Top
Pseudacris regilla - Bottom

Seen from above, the eyes of Rana boylii are located away from the side of the head and the eyes of Pseudacris regilla are located at the edge of the head.
     
       
Rana cascadae
Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles
Larvae still in eggs, about to hatch Newly-hatched Tadpoles at egg mass Newly-hatched Tadpoles
remaining at egg mass
Brand new hatchling
Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles
  Tadpoles,6,400 ft., Siskiyou County  
Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles
Tadpole, King County, Washington Mature tadpoles,
Pierce County, Washington
Tadpole, King County, Washington Tadpole, King County, Washington
Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles
Tadpole, King County, Washington Mature tadpole with rear legs developing Mature tadpole with large rear legs Mature tadpole with 4 legs
Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles Cascades Frog Tadpoles  
Two leucistic tadpoles, Klamath Mountains, Siskiyou County
© Ryan Aberg
Top/Right: Normally-pigmented tapole
Bottom/Left: Leucistic tadpole
Klamath Mountains, Siskiyou County
© Ryan Aberg
Rana cascadae - Left
Eyes are on top of the head.

Pseudacris regilla - Right
Eyes are on the sides of the head.
 
       
       
Rana draytonii
California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole
Tadpole, Monterey County, on top, with CA Tiger Salamander larva on bottom. Tadpole, Monterey County
© 2004 William Leonard
Mature tadpole in water at edge of pond, Contra Costa County. Mature tadpole in a pond, Contra Costa County.
California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole
California Red-legged frog tadpole Top - CA Red-legged frog tadpole.
Bottom - Sierran Treefrog tadpole
Right - CA Red-legged frog tadpole.
Left - Sierran Treefrog tadpole
Recently deceased mature tadpole in a pond, Contra Costa County.
The eyes of the tadpoles of Rana draytonii are inset from the margins of the head when seen from above, while the eyes of the tadpoles of the sympatric Sierran Treefrog - Pseudacris sierra and the Baja California Treefrog - Pseudacris hypochondriaca extend to the margins of the head, as you can see in the above photos from Alameda Counthy. © Joseph E. DiDonato.  
California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole California Red-legged Frog Tadpole
California Red-legged Frog tadpole, Santa Clara County © Rob Schell
Mature California Red-legged Frog tadpoles and recently transformed juvenile frog, Santa Barbara County
© Vince Semonsen
tadpoles tadpoles
Comparisons of a California Red-legged Frog tadpole and a Foothill Yellow-legged Frog tadpole, both from Santa Clara County. © Owen Holt
California Red-legged Frog California Red-legged Frog  
Tadpole, Santa Cruz County
© Neil Keung 
Animal capture and handling authorized under Federal permits and State Parks permits.

Four-legged tadpole almost ready to leave the water,
Contra Costa County, mid July. © Mark Gary
 
       
Rana luteiventris
Columbia Spotted Frog tadpole      
Tadpole, Spokane County, Washington      
       
Rana muscosa
Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog
Adult and tadpole, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County
© Chris DeGroof
Immature tadpole, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County
© Chris DeGroof
Transforming tadpole underwater, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County
       
Rana pretiosa
Oregon Spotted Frog tadpoles Oregon Spotted Frog tadpole Oregon Spotted Frog tadpole  
Tadpoles, Thurston Co., WA
© 1997 William Leonard
Mature tadpoles, Lane County, Oregon © Mark Gary  
       
Rana sierra
Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpoles Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole  
Group of mature tadpoles in
shallow water
Mature tadpole (2 or 3 years old) Mature tadpole  
Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpoles Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole  
Mature tadpole Mature tadpole (right) and
younger tadpole (left)
Young tadpole (probably 1 year old)  
Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpoles  
Mature tadpole Mature tadpole Tadpoles, 2-3 years old, Fresno County
© Vance Vreedenburg
 
Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog Tadpole    
Mature tadpole with legs, tail, and intermediate jaw shape,
Tuolumne County © Max Roberts
Hundreds of tadpoles in an alpine lake in Fresno County © Max Roberts    
       
Scaphiopus couchii
  Scaphiopus couchii Couch's Spadefoot Tadpole Scaphiopus couchii Couch's Spadefoot Tadpole Scaphiopus couchii Couch's Spadefoot Tadpole
  Recently-hatched tadpole,
Yuma County, Arizona
Recently-hatched tadpole, Yuma County, Arizona
       
Spea hammondii
Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles
Tadpoles feeding in a turbid rain pool, Alameda County Tadpole, Riverside County
Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles
Tadpole, Riverside County Tadpole, Riverside County Tadpole, Riverside County Tadpole, Riverside County
Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles
Mature tadpole, Orange County
© Jeff Ahrens Animal capture and handling authorized under SPC or specific authorization from CDFW.
Tadpole, Riverside County Tadpole, Riverside County Metamorphosing tadpole, Monterey County (captured and handled under state Scientific Collecting Permit and released at point of capture.)
© Adam Clause
Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles Western Spadefoot Tadpoles
Tadpole, Kings County © Patrick Briggs Mature tadpole, Monterey County © Rob Schell
california toad tadpoles california toad tadpoles california toad tadpoles california toad tadpoles
Young tadpole underwater, Kern County Young tadpole underwater, Kern County Young tadpole, Kern County Young tadpole underwater, Kern County
       
Spea intermontana
Great Basin Spadefoot Eggs Great Basin Spadefoot Eggs Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole  
Two mature eggs attached to a small branch which was found
submerged in shallow water.
Hatchling tadpole  
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole  
Hatchling tadpole Tadpole several days after hatching. Older tadpole  
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole  
Mature tadpole with back legs developing Mature tadpole
 
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole  
Mature tadpole Mature tadpole with developed back legs  
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole
Great Basin Spadefoot Tadpole
 
Transforming tadpole with tail decreasing in length and front legs developed (and visible) but not yet emerged.
The front legs emerged one day later and the spadefoot moved to land (first picture of the following series).
 
   
Xenopus laevis
African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole
Tadpole out of water, San Diego County Tadpole underwater, San Diego County The African Clawed Frog tadpole is a filter feeder. It swims with the head down, vibrating its tail rapidly to stir up tiny bits of food particles which are sucked into the mouth and filtered out of the water which is expelled.
African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole
Tadpole in aquarium, San Diego County Tadpole with mouth open
African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole African Clawed Frog Tadpole
Tadpoles in shallow water, Orange County. © Jonathan Hakim
Tadpoles, San Diego County © Jay Keller
       
       
       
       
       

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