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A Guide to the Amphibians
and Reptiles of California


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Patternless California Snakes

Look for a picture that is similar to the snake you want to identify, read the brief descriptions of behavior and habitat, look at the range map to see where the snake is found, and if everything fits your snake, click on the link to continue your search.




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These are native California snakes with no pattern on the body. Patternless is defined here as an overall plain appearance with no strongly-marked stripes, bands, blotches, or any other strong pattern on the upper body, although there may be some markings such as a ring around the neck, markings on the head, a head colored differently from the body, light speckling, or markings on the underside.

None of the patternless snakes native to California have venom that is considered dangerous to humans, but some aberrant rattlesnake can have little or no pattern and all rattlesnakes have dangerous venom. Some of those are also shown below.
 

Rubber Boas - Genus Charina

Thick-bodied, slow-moving snakes mostly found underneath objects in moist areas and mountains,
or found active at night, often on roads. Able to tolerate colder temperatures than most snakes. Juveniles can be brightly colored. There is a separate page about identifying the two species of Rubber Boas in California.

Northern Rubber Boa Northern Rubber Boa
Northern Rubber Boa Northern Rubber Boa
Juvenile © Jared Heald Juvenile © Ryan Sikola  
Range Map
Red and Blue: Ranges of the two species of Rubber Boas in California.
Click on the map for a key to the different species.

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Unicolor Rosy Boa - Lichanura orcutti

Thick-bodied, slow-moving snake only found in coastal southern San Diego County.
This snake often has a trace of pattern, but its overall appearance is patterness,
especially when compared to the more striped appearance of typical Rosy Boas.

Rosy Boa Rosy Boa Rosy Boa
Rosy Boa Rosy Boa Rosy Boa
Unicolor adult with faint dark stripe © Brian Hinds © Brian Hinds
Range Map
Red: Range of the Rosy Boa in California

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Western Yellow-bellied Racer - Coluber constrictor mormon

Fast-moving snake found in the daytime usually in open or grassy areas. Can be grayish,
greenish, brownish, or reddish, sometimes with yellow coloring apparent on the sides and belly.
Juveniles have a strongly-marked blotched pattern, which fades as they mature.

western yellow-bellied racer western yellow-bellied racer
western yellow-bellied racer
  © Richard Porter © Richard Porter
western yellow-bellied racer western yellow-bellied racer
Range Map
Red: Range of the Western Yellow-bellied Racer in California

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Blackheaded Snakes - Genus Tantilla

Very small burrowing snakes usually found beneath surface objects in moist areas, occasionally on the surface at night. Black-headed snakes are uncommon, and found in the south, and up the Sierras and coast range up to the mid-part of the state.
They have a reddish underside, a black head, and a white ring around the neck, but the overall appearance is patternless.
There is a separate page about identifying the two species of Black-headed Snakes found in California.

Western Black-headed Snake Western Black-headed Snake Western Black-headed Snake
    © Ryan Sikola
Smith's Black-headed Snake Smith's Black-headed Snake Smith's Black-headed Snake
Range Map Range Map
Red: Range of the Western
Black-headed Snake
Red: Range of Smith's
Black-headed Snake

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Sharp-tailed Snakes - Genus Contia

Small burrowing snakes usually found beneath surface objects in moist areas, occasionally on the surface at night. Sharp-tailed snakes are found along the coast ranges and the Sierras, but not in the southern part of the state. Most of them have the appearance of faint stripes along the body, but the overall appearance of some of them is patternless.
There is a separate page about identifying the two different species of sharp-tailed snakes.

Sharp-tailed Snake Forest Sharp-tailed Snake Sharp-tailed Snake
Sharp-tailed Snake Forest Sharp-tailed Snake Sharp-tailed Snakes
© Deborah LaFleur © Zachary Lim Juvenile, © Ryan Sikola
Sharp-tailed Snakes Range Map
Red and Orange: Ranges of Sharp-tailed Snakes in California.
Click on the map for a key to the different species.

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Ring-necked Snakes - Diadophis punctatus

Very small burrowing snakes usually found beneath surface objects in moist areas, occasionally on the surface at night. Ringneck snakes are found throughout the state, except most of the deserts. They have a colorful underside, often with black spots, and a dark head with a colorful ring around the neck, but most of the body is unicolor and patternless.

There is a separate page about identifying the several types of Ring-necked Snakes found in California.

Regal Ring-necked Snake Pacific Ring-necked Snake
Coral-bellied Ring-necked Snake Pacific Ring-necked Snake San Diego Ring-necked Snake
Ring-necked Snake California Range Map
Ranges of the seven forms of Ring-necked Snakes in California.
Click on the map for a key to their names.

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Threadsnakes (Blindsnakes) - Rena humilis

Very small burrowing snakes usually found beneath surface objects in moist areas, occasionally on the surface at night. Threadsnakes are found only in the southern portion of the state. Their shiny cycloid scales sometimes give the appearance of a patter, but the overall appearance is patternless.
Southwestern Threadsnake Southwestern Threadsnake
Desert Threadsnake Southwestern Threadsnake Southwestern Threadsnake
  © Paul Maier © Adam G. Clause
Range Map
Red and Orange: Ranges of the two subspecies of native Threadsnakes found in California.
Click on the map for a key to their names.

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Brahminy Blindsnake - Indotyphlops braminus

This patternless non-native snake has been established in various locations in Southern California
and is expected to become more widespread.
There is a separate page about identifying the two species of Blindsnakes/Threadsnakes found in Californa.

Brahminy Blindsnake Brahminy Blindsnake Brahminy Blindsnake
Brahminy Blindsnake California Range Map
Red: Estimated range of established populations of non-native Brahminy Blindsnakes in California.

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Two-striped Gartersnake - Thamnophis hammondii

A gartersnake found along central coast and southern California. Usually found in or near water. Light stripes on the
sides may not be apparent on some snakes, making it appear patternless, especially on melanistic snakes.

Two-striped Gartersnake Two-striped Gartersnake
  Melanistic adult. © Ryan Sikola  
Two-striped Gartersnake Two-striped Gartersnake Two-striped Gartersnake
© Brian Hubbs © Ryan Sikola © Katie Drexhage
Range Map
Red: Range of Two-striped Gartersnake in California

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Baja California Coachwhip - Masticophis fuliginosus

This fast-moving diurnal species is only found in extreme southern San Diego County, next to the border with Mexico. It has two phases, a dark phase that appears patternless, and a silver phase usually with some dark markings.

Baja California Coachwhip Baja California Coachwhip Baja California Coachwhip
Dark phase adult, © Todd Battey Dark phase adult, © Stuart Young
Baja California Coachwhip Baja California Coachwhip Baja California Coachwhip
Dark phase adult, © William Flaxington Dark phase adult, © 2004 Dick Bartlett Dark phase juvenile, © Todd Battey.
  Range Map  
Blue: Range of the Baja California Coachwhip in California

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San Joaquin Coachwhip - Masticophis ruddocki

A fast-moving diurnal snake found in open dry areas in inland central California. Some snakes of this subspecies of Coachwhip, especially juveniles, appear to have a pattern of dark and light scales, and there maybe dark blotching on the head, but the overall appearance of most aduts is patternless.

San Joaquin Coachwhip San Joaquin Coachwhip San Joaquin Coachwhip
Ryan Sikola © Chad Lane
San Joaquin Coachwhip San Joaquin Coachwhip San Joaquin Coachwhip
Ryan Sikola © Richard Porter © Patrick H. Briggs
  Range Map  
Orange: Range of the San Joaquin Coachwhip

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Baja California Ratsnake - Bogertophis rosaliae

A Baja California snake, extremely rare in California. Known from only one dead snake found in California in 1984.
Found only in the extreme southern desert along the Baja California border.

Baja Rat Snake Baja Rat Snake
© William Flaxington.
© Patrick Briggs © Jason Jones
  Range Map  
Red: Possible Range of the Baja California Ratsnake in California

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Aberrant Patternless Rattlesnakes - Genus Crotalus

Northern Mohave Rattlesnake   southern pacific rattlesnake northern pacific rattlesnake
Albino adult Northern Mohave Rattlesnake, Kern County
© Brad Alexander
Melanistic patternless Southern Pacific Rattlesnake, Riverside County.
© Tony Covell
A patternless green adult Northern Pacific Rattlesnake from Santa Cruz County © Ben Witzke
northern pacific rattlesnake northern pacific rattlesnake northern pacific rattlesnake
The pattern on this unusual juvenile Northern Pacific Rattlesnakephotographed in Alameda County is very faint. It might be missing its black pigment. © Yuval Helfman This large melanistic adult Northern Pacific Rattlesnake was seen in Contra Costa County. © Jeffrey Finder This adult Northern Pacific Rattlesnake from Santa Cruz County is nearly patternless. © Spencer Riffle
     

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